que vous l’appeliez avatar, modèle numérique ou jumeau numérique, il s’agit toujours d’un outil pour prédire l’avenir…
All sorts of city-related data can be uploaded into the digital twin and, in addition, simulation algorithms can be used to visualise natural phenomena and make forecasts. Gérard Le Bihan explains what happens: “On a given model, you can run a simulation and see the results of the calculation directly on the model. Among the first use cases of the model is the issue of power shortages. 3D modelling enables you to visualise the results across a whole building, and also floor-by-floor, which of course you can’t do in two dimensions.” Research based on digital simulation – for calculating values for sun and shade, for the wind blowing around a building or even the growth of vegetation, plus simulating accidents such as explosions and natural disasters such as flooding – opens up a broad range of opportunities for future uses of digital twin technology. One example of these new approaches is the work being done by French 3D urban modelling and software developer Siradel, which specialises in optimising radio connectivity between residents, objects and infrastructure by, for instance, setting up simplified city models so as to optimise 4G antenna placement. Siradel was acquired in 2016 by French power and gas utility Engie, which was keen to apply its 3D modelling expertise to a variety of other uses. Engie has thus now entered the new digital twin market with a solution for storing administrative, economic, social and technical data on buildings, urban networks, public space WiFi coverage and geolocation of connected objects. Engie has drawn on the expertise provided by Siradel for its participation in the European ACCENT (‘Accompany cities in energy strategy’)project , which is being rolled out in Paris, Valencia in Spain and the Italian towns of Reggio Emilia and Ferrara. The algorithm used for this initiative calculates potential gains when a given building in a city goes through an energy-oriented renovation process. The owners might opt to change the windows, install external insulation or apply other insulation solutions, and the algorithm will then put a figure on the savings they can expect so as to guide them towards the solution which offers the best cost/efficiency ratio.
Les Systèmes d’Information Géographique (SIG) existent depuis un temps certain. Mais pendant très longtemps ils n’ont servi que pour mémoriser des informations et les afficher. Ces fonctions sont devenues grand public grâce à Internet. Et ainsi,bien que cela ne soit clairement pas le seul logiciel (lien) existant, Google Maps est le SIG le plus connu.
